Qs/Qt immediately after weaning from CPB showed a significant difference between groups (MD?=?3.24 95% CI?=?4.48 to ?2.01 P?<0.00001 I?=?0%). Seventeen trials with 1162 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The secondary outcomes include postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), hospital stay, and AaDO2 4?hours after CPB. The primary outcome includes oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) or alveolar to arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) immediately after weaning from bypass. Eligible studies compared clinical outcomes of ventilation versus nonventilation during CPB in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2016. The objective of this paper is to systematically evaluate whether ventilation during CPB would benefit patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is necessary for most cardiac surgery, which may lead to postoperative lung injury.

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